Military Papers

Politics and International Relations

Mamia Balakhadze — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

“Politics” is a combination of the Greek words “polis” (city-state) and “techné” (science) and means the science of governing the state. In the modern sense, politics includes all the ideologies, strategies or activities that are related to the governance of the state and its relations with other states.

According to Machiavelli, “everything is not political, but politics is interested in everything.” We can say that the politics covers issues of arrangement and interdependence of state bodies, economic, social, cultural spheres, foreign relations of the country, defense strategies and many other issues. Politics has its participants as well. First of all, of course, it implies politicians who participate or want to participate in governing the country, defining and fulfilling its priorities. As a rule, politicians unite in political parties or public movements, which define their vision of the development of the state in their programs.

Philosophical Principles And Aspects Of Clausewitz’ Doctrine

Irakli Batiashvili — Tue, 28 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

My task is to analyze certain philosophical principles, aspects of Clausewitz’s famous work - “On War” and to show the fact that they are still relevant in our contemporary reality. The first part of the book is devoted to the analysis of the nature of war. First we hear the fundamental question: what is war? The goal of logically consistent reasoning is to explain the phenomenon of war itself. It begins with a purely logical analysis and definition of his detached notion. In this respect, war is nothing more than a somewhat expanded warfare. His immediate goal is to defeat the opponent, as a result of which he must lose the ability to further resist. Thus, war is an act of violence aimed at: forcing the adversary to do what we will. At the same time, in a military confrontation, one sets the law for the other: namely, both opposing parties must extremely strain their forces, and there is no limit to this process other certain internal factors. Thus, according to Clausewitz, the very nature of war entails an extreme degree of use of violence.

But these reasonings have so far delved into the realm of dissociated concepts, and e.g. We are so far engaged only in a logical analysis of the notion of war. And when we move from abstract reasoning to reality, and therefore, when analyzing the phenomenon of war, we already take into account the real factors, then we are presented with a completely different picture: namely, it actually brings the effect of so-called moderate action. The author further specifies what is manifested in the so-called reality: moderate (balancing) impact, and analyzes each factor in detail. Finally, based on the synthesis of pagan reasoning in the real and abstract-logical dimensions, the following conclusion is made: War appears as a dialectical whole of three essential elements - first, that is, violence, which implies hatred, enmity, aggression and belonging to the natural; the second is the play of probabilities and coincidences, which belongs to the realm of free spiritual activity; and third, that is, the weapon of politics, which belongs to the realm of pure reasoning. A theory that ignores any of these three, or even attempts to present their arbitrary (non-objective) relationship, will inevitably come into conflict with objective reality. Thus, its task is to determine and maintain an objective balance between these three elements.

The more grandiose, the wider the political goal, and the more aggressive impulses, tensions prevail in the peoples of opposing countries, the closer war comes to its abstract-logical nature or idea and takes on the character of a devastating armed conflict; conversely, the smaller the political motive and the less aggressive the tendencies in the face, the more the war deviates from its logical essence and takes on the character of a lower intensity or less mortal-vital confrontation. Hence, the existence of a diverse spectrum of types of warfare, ranging from extremely high-intensity to extremely low-intensity forms of hostilities - leads to the concurrence of two different dimensions of explication. I think that this brilliant analysis by Clausewitz of the philosophical aspects of war is largely of undeniable value, and in particular, the above conclusions will undoubtedly retain their relevance, significance, power in any area and epoch.

Critical Infrastructure Gradation

Murtaz Gujejiani — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

Creating an artificial environment that meets the requirements of Critical Infrastructure in terms of total defense plays a major role in both its implementation - in case of emergency and in case of war. All significantly related to the advance preparation of infrastructure for emergency and defense operations.

In man-made, natural, and their combinations of emergencies and preparedness for future conflicts, it is essential to understand the wide and varied range of response actions. On the one hand, the preparadnis of Critical Infrastructure in the peaceful phase is vital, On the other hand to reduce the negative consequences in the case of emergencies.

During research Critical Infrastructure systems and facilities are grouped according to their status into 11 sectors and 43 subsectors. Subsectors and elements according to their functional types, it is possible to move from one sector to another through functional support or to be ranked in a new sector.

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Defense Planning Methodologies

Giorgi Dolidze — Tue, 28 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

Maintaining military forces ready to address security challenges deriving from future uncertainty requires permanent improvement of defense capabilities through the acquisition of technologically advanced equipment, which is a challenging business. To facilitate and support the implementation of this process it is critical to employ a relevant planning methodology, based on which strategic defense acquisition is held. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the four analytical planning methodologies which have been actively used for strategic defense acquisition planning over the recent decades: capability-, threat-, resourceand scenario-based planning. Based on the review of these planning approaches, the author argues that none of them is effective separately and only a combination of these perspectives may lead to a successful strategic defense acquisition process.

Connected Ground Operations

Jambul Zaloshvili — Tue, 28 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

War, as a fundamental result of human endeavor, is closely linked to the settlement of a particular land area with people. The entire military potential is connected to the ground, and in most cases gaining an advantage in ground battles is a crucial factor in defeating an opponent. Knowledge of human factors, including culture, economics, and history, is as important as knowledge of the adversary’s military potential. Only high Level military potential can not be a prerequisite for defeating the opponent and achieving the desired end results. Constantly assess the impact of operations and the opponent and the population to defeat the advanced and achieved be the desired end result.

The Principles Of A War - Why Nine?

Davit Tevzadze — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

The notion that the principles of war are a guide to the conduct of war for all three levels of war is also found in the military doctrines of other countries. In general, the discussion of principles became an integral part of the European military space of thought after Clausewitz (1780-1831). Today, the principles of war are clearly marked in all doctrines as the basis for a practical approach to war and operations. Maybe over time, due to changes in the forms of weapons and war, the current list of principles may seem completely irrelevant? We can say that the topic of understanding the principles of war is not at all exhausted by the fact that their list, over the years, changes invariably from doctrine to doctrine, or from one version of the doctrine to another. In the study we will see that despite a kind of immutability, as it turns out, their content is highly conditional. Even though their number might sometimes remain the same.

How Important Is Sof (Special Operation Forces) To Modern Warfare? In This Technological Age, Is It Indispensable?

Giorgi Laghiashvili — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

The 21st century’s main threat is terrorism and irregular warfare; to cope with these dangers an effective and powerful mechanism is needed. In order to neutralize these threats it is necessary for all countries to have well-trained and effective armed forces and high readiness capability. Special Operation Forces (SOF) is one of the effective and important elements of military power. SOF is very important to modern warfare and it is indispensable regardless of high technological achievements in the military industry. Discussing SOF functions, capability and its importance to modern warfare this paper will demonstrate that SOF is an excellent tool for dealing with future challenges, especially when the whole civilized world is facing the threats of terrorism and hybrid warfare.

Challenges Of Territorial Integrity Of The Democratic Republic Of Georgia In 1918-1921

Irakli Leonidze, Khatia Leonidze — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

In 2021, Georgia is the independent state. This year is unique with a number of important anniversary dates. One hundred years after the adoption of the Constitution of Georgia - we, the citizens of Georgia, have more time and opportunity to think about the challenges to the territorial integrity and political independence of the Democratic Republic of Georgia.

International and internal disputes related to territorial integrity have resolved since the fall of the Republic, and have remained relevant and critical since the independence of Georgia.

It is necessary to answer the question: how typical is the general problem of maintaining territorial integrity? Specifically, what kind of legal, political, social, cultural and moral dilemma does our state face after gaining independence - in order to maintain its territory and independence.

In this regard, it is important to study the political situation in 1918-1921. In this way, it is possible to identify the impact of the annexation of the territory, the occupation of part of it, or the state of war on the issue of territorial integrity, preferably by the example of observation of individual events in 1918-1921 as the primary source of the problem.

The aim of the research is to assess the challenges of the territorial integrity of the Democratic Republic of Georgia in 1918-1921. On the one hand, the issue of changing the total area of the Republic will be discussed, including the impact of the First Constitution of the Republic for the benefit of the Republic - to maintain its territorial integrity. It will be clear what threatens the territorial integrity of Georgia. Whether the cause of this problem is strategic location, unfriendly attitudes or weakness of political governance. Historical, comparison, analytical and synthesis methods are used to achieve aim of the research.

Research And Development Of Technology For Production High Ballistic Efficiency Metal Ceramic Plates

Sun, 27 Sep 2020 00:00:00 +0400

The work is discussed the process of SHS-Electric rolling for obtaining metal-ceramic ballistic impact-resistant, wear-resistant, heat-resistant and corrosion resistant plates of increased geometric size he from selected chasm of TiB2, TiB06 and TiBN in the system of Ti-B and Ti-B-N. The paper describes, in particular, the fluidity analysis of the synthesized chasm, the dynamics of hardening in the deformation core, geometric acceleration and force parameters. On their bases technological modes are developed, which provide the necessary equality of rolling and synthesis speeds during the whole rolling process for obtaining compact material. Based on the discussed X-ray structural analysis, structural images of the obtained TiB06 material are shown,
the structure of which proves good resistance to high-intensity dynamic impact loads. Ballistic tests were performed to determine the 3rd level (class) protection of the material.

„Gray Zones“ As A Factor Of Destabilization The Modern World Order And Challenging Of XXI Century

Ketevan Meskhidze — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

The article provides the study of the latest development of the world political processes and the shift of global trend which were observed in almost every aspect of geopolitics. With the new phase of development, the world civilization, while adjusting to the new environment is experiencing the inevitable crisis largely characterized by depth, broad scale and unprecedented transformational changes in the world politics.

The world political process is viewed as a dynamic interaction of flexible mobility, variability, multiple objective and subjective factors that define the essence, character and vectors of world community development.

The world’s political contours themselves are changing radically. Recently, there has been an increase in instability and unrest caused by the apparent overload of forceful actions in world politics, making the scenarios of their interaction and future development processes more complicated and unpredictable.

The article underlines the ongoing changes in the new “world order” as well as factors fueling the destabilization of the “world order, specifically so-called “gray zones” and processes within.

There is no secret that at this stage the nature of threats has changed dramatically in terms of global, regional, and national security. A short time ago, during the “cold war,” the major threat was predictable conflicts and tension between the states, and the arms raise of two military-political blocs. However, in the last 20 years, in the context of globalization, the world faced the new phenomenon of transnational threats marked by unpredictability and putting in danger every country with no exception along with their citizens.

The Importance Of Using Military Engineering Forces During Military Operations

Zurab Samkharadze — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

Military engineers represent important pillar of armed forces. Regardless of the invaluable efforts of engineers, there is a significant shortage in the Georgian scientific society in this field. Promoting engineering discipline is important for attracting educated and talented young people. This paper describes main tasks of military engineers, highlights their importance at different stages thought history. The aim of the paper is to contribute to the Georgian scientific society and describe efforts taken by the engineers in order to promote this field.

History evokes many cases when, due to engineers’ engagement, events developed differently for the involved parties. History shows that it is often impossible to achieve defined goals based solely on armed infantry, as several factors are to be considered: terrain and power of the adversary. With the help of engineers, terrain is improved to achieve maximum efficiency of friendly forces and to deny opposing forces. Without engineering units, combat units would be much achievable target for opposing forces. Accordingly, the development of engineering capabilities helps to increase the country’s defense capabilities.

The Main Directions Of Improving The Personnel Recruitment System Of The Georgian Defense Forces

Tengiz Shubladze — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

Today in our country there is an objective contradiction between the demand for human resources with the knowledge, skills and quality defined by the Defense Forces and the economic, demographic, ideological and socio-legal capabilities of the state to meet these requirements. The degree of aggravation of this resistance must be taken into account in the process of improving the recriuting system of our country’s military organization. Based on the above, we consider the most optimal way of complectation the Georgian Defense Forces to be a mixed way, which means that the positions of the military unit, which mainly determine its level of combat readiness and combat power, as well as those that require more time and resources, should be staffed by contract service. And other positions – with conscripts. We believe that this model of complectation of the defense forces is fully fits with the interests of our country, as well as its capabilities.

Nato’s New Strategic Concept After The Cold War

Ketevan Chakhava — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

The research describes and analyzes the new strategic concept of NATO after the cold war environment. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union the organization has undergone tremendous changes, it made completely different political moves. The policy of the alliance shifted from the collective defense to the collective security. Peacekeeping operations, ensuring security and stability in non-member states, has become the significant strategic concept of the alliance.

The breakup of Yugoslavia was followed by the declaration of independence in Bosnia and Kosovo. The declaration of independence was rejected by the Bosnian Serbs and the ethnic conflict broke out across the country. Without the involvement of international organizations, it was almost impossible to deal with the crisis. NATO implemented the new, effective strategic concept and conducted the most significant peacekeeping operations in the conflict areas. Military involvement of the alliance made a great contribution in maintaining peace, establishing sovereignty, and ending the confrontation in the conflict regions. The Yugoslavian crisis represented the new challenge for the alliance to strengthen its effectiveness, responsibilities, and capabilities. In closing, in the contemporary world NATO is undoubtedly the main military guarantor of peace, security and stability.

Some Aspects And Attributes Of Military Leadership

Koba Tchitchinadze, Nunu Ovsyannikova — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

It is acknowledged that the efficiency of the armed forces at the modern stage leads not only a well-developed strategy, structure and equipment; increase of the effectiveness is related on a highly motivated, educated, high combat capabilities manager and leader. This particular importance given in military life is linked to the transformation of a human, material resources and weapon system into the effective military capabilities. Practice in military service shows that the most successful military leaders are those who have the values of the Armed Forces, and have the combat spirit, professional knowledge and the needed attributes for leader.

The 2016 Military Coup Attempt In Turkey And Its Results

Khvicha Khozrevanidze — Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 +0400

The militaries played an important role in Turkish politics. In particular, they actively interfered in the political life of Turkey. The reason for this was that they appeared as the most active defenders of the idea of Kemalism. It is true that the Republic of Turkey is a secular country, but the vast majority of its population is Muslim. Hence, very soon after the death of Mustafa Kemal in, Muslim political parties came to the fore in Turkish politics, trying more and more to establish themselves in the politics of the country and, consequently, to limit secularism. The Turkish military could not tolerate the attempts of Muslim parties to seize power. As faithful defenders of the Kemalist ideology, they often overthrew such governments. A similar case occurred 4 times in Turkey in the last century.

Turkey’s present ruling party “Justice and Development Party” (AKP) is a follower of moderate Islamist. Therefore, the leader of the party, the current President of Turkey, Recep Tayyip Erdogan, tried to restrict the militaries yet in 2011, which he fulfilled partially.

In 2016, in the latest military coup attempt in Turkey, the Turkish militaries failed. One of the reasons for this is thought as if the Turkish president knew about the attempted of the military coup in advance and he needed it to limit the Turkish militaries. Very soon after this military coup attempt, many high-ranked military officials (including doctors, teachers, and the U.S.) were arrested or fired form their working places. After that, the coup attempt by the Turkish military was almost neutralized and in this way the “threat” to Erdogan’s government was removed.